ANIMAL ARTICLES
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TIDBITS |
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6. Animal Power
When an animal is used to pull a load it is termed Draft Animal Power. It is expressed in Watts per hour. For example, a horse delivers 500W for 10 hrs. The camel has the highest power output. Ox and Donkey are the other animals that deliver high outputs. But the horse is supreme.
7. Animal Memory
In the early 1900, American Scientist Edward Lee Thorndike put cats inside puzzle boxes. Through trial and error, the cats could get out by pulling a string mechanism. Once they escaped, the cats were rewarded with food. Thorndike repeated the experiment with new boxes and the cats learned to open and escape. Thorndike called this “Instrumental learning”. B.F. Skinner renamed this as “Operant conditioning”. Skinner developed “Skinner boxes” and experimented with rats and pigeons. The animals were made to learn and associate their action with the reward of food.
8. Animal Sight
The bird’s eye has pecten, a thin folded tissue extending from the retina to the lens. Eagles and hawks have large pectin in their eye. The pecten supplies oxygen and nutrients throughout the eyeball, thereby reducing the number of blood vessels in the retina. The retina with fewer blood vessels is more sensitive to light. These birds have a very sharp vision.
9. Animal digestion
Ruminants like Giraffe, Deer and Camel have their stomach divided into four parts. The food goes to the first two parts called the rumen and the reticulum where partial digestion takes place. This food called the cud is brought back into the mouth and chewed. This is called cud-chewing. The cud is then swallowed and is passed on to the 3rd and the 4th parts of the stomach, called the omasum and the abomasu where digestion is continued.
10. Animal courtship
Alligators involve in a courtship that consists of snout touching, bellowing, coughing, back rubbing, circling, bubble blowing and swimming together for hours. The male and female perform these activities in several sequences during the courtship. But the Sandhill crane’s elaborate ballet, the bald eagle’s extensive flying cartwheels and the salmon’s tireless upstream journey covering 2500 miles to its native stream are incomparable.
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